The new waves wall at Cloudflare’s Lisbon office sits beside the Radar Display of global Internet insights, with the 25th of April Bridge overlooking the Tagus River in the background.
It’s exciting to see waves in Portugal now playing a role in keeping the Internet secure, especially given Portugal’s deep maritime history.
The installation honors Portugal’s passion for the sea and exploration of the unknown, famously beginning over 600 years ago, in 1415, with pioneering vessels like caravels and naus/carracks, precursors to galleons and other ships. Portuguese sea exploration was driven by navigation schools and historic voyages “through seas never sailed before” (“Por mares nunca dantes navegados” in Portuguese), as described by Portugal’s famous poet, Luís Vaz de Camões, born 500 years ago (1524).
Anyone familiar with Portugal knows the sea is central to its identity. The small country has 980 km of coastline, where most of its main cities are located. Maritime areas make up 90% of its territory, including the mid-Atlantic Azores. In 1998, Lisbon’s Expo 98 celebrated the oceans and this maritime heritage. Since 2011, the small town of Nazaré also became globally famous among the surfing community for its giant waves.
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Nazaré’s waves, famous since Garrett McNamara’s 23.8 m (78 ft) ride in 2011, hold Guinness World Records for the biggest waves ever surfed. Photos: Sam Khawasé & Beatriz Paula, from Cloudflare.
Portugal’s maritime culture also inspired literature and music, including poet Fernando Pessoa, who referenced it in his 1934 book Mensagem, and musician Rui Veloso, who dedicated his 1990s album Auto da Pimenta to Portugal’s historic connection to the sea.
As Cloudflare’s CEO, Matthew Prince, said recently, this new wall of entropy began with an idea back in 2023: “What could we use for randomness that was like our lava lamp wall in San Francisco but represented our team in Portugal?”
The original inspiration came from wave motion machine desk toys, which were popular among some of our team members. Waves and the ocean not only provide a source of movement and randomness, but also align with Portugal’s maritime history and the office’s scenic view.
However, this was easier said than done. It turns out that making a wave machine wall is a real challenge, given that these toys are not as popular as they were in the past, and aren’t being manufactured in the size we needed any more. We scoured eBay and other sources but couldn't find enough, consistent in style and in working order wave machines. We also discovered that off-the-shelf models weren’t designed to run 24/7, which was a critical requirement for our use.
Artistry to create wave machines
Undaunted, Cloudflare’s Places team, which ensures our offices reflect our values and culture, found a U.S.-based artisan that specializes in ocean wave displays to create the wave machines for us. Since 2009, his one-person business, Hughes Wave Motion Machines, has blended artistry, engineering, and research, following his transition from Lockheed Martin Space Systems, where he designed military and commercial satellites.
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Timelapse of the mesmerizing office waves, set to the tune of an AI-generated song.
Collaborating closely, we developed a custom rectangular wave machine (18 inches/45 cm long) that runs nonstop — not an easy task — which required hundreds of hours of testing and many iterations. Featuring rotating wheels, continuous motors, and a unique fluid formula, these machines create realistic ocean-like waves in green, blue, and Cloudflare’s signature orange.
Here’s a quote from the artist himself about these wave machines:
“The machine’s design is a balancing act of matching components and their placement to how the fluid responds in a given configuration. There is a complex yet delicate relationship between viscosity, specific gravity, the size and design of the vessel, and the placement of each mechanical interface. Everything must be precisely aligned, centered around the fluid like a mathematical function. I like to say it’s akin to ’balancing a checkerboard on a beach ball in the wind.’”
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The Cloudflare Places Team with Lisbon office architects and contractor testing wave machine placement, shelves, lighting, and mirrors to enhance movement and reflection, March 2024.
Despite delays, the Lisbon wave machines finally debuted on March 10, 2025 — an incredibly exciting moment for the Places team.
Some numbers about our wave-machine entropy wall:
50 wave machines, 50 motion wheels & motors, 50 acrylic containers filled with Hughes Wave Fluid Formula (two immiscible liquids)
3 liquid colors: blue, green, and orange
15 months from concept to completion
14 flips (side-to-side balancing movements) per minute — over 20,000 per day
Cloudflare’s servers handle 71 million HTTP requests per second on average, with 100 million HTTP requests per second at peak. Most of these requests are secured via TLS, which relies on secure randomness for cryptographic integrity. A Cryptographically Secure Pseudorandom Number Generator (CSPRNG) ensures unpredictability, but only when seeded with high-quality entropy. Since chaotic movement in the real world is truly random, Cloudflare designed a system to harness it. Our 2024 blog post expands on this topic in a more technical way, but here’s a quick summary.
In 2017, Cloudflare launched LavaRand, inspired by Silicon Graphics’ 1997 concept However, the need for randomness in security was already a hot topic on our blog before that, such as in our discussions of securing systems and cryptography. Originally, LavaRand collected entropy from a wall of lava lamps in our San Francisco office, feeding an internal API that servers periodically query to include in their entropy pools. Over time, we expanded LavaRand beyond lava lamps, incorporating new sources of office chaos while maintaining the same core method.
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A camera captures images of dynamic, unpredictable randomness displays. Shadows, lighting changes, and even sensor noise contribute entropy. Each image is then processed into a compact hash, converting it into a sequence of random bytes. These, combined with the previous seed and local system entropy, serve as input for a Key Derivation Function (KDF), which generates a new seed for a CSPRNG — capable of producing virtually unlimited random bytes upon request. The waves in our Lisbon office are now contributing to this pool of randomness.
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Cloudflare’s LavaRand API makes this randomness accessible internally, strengthening cryptographic security across our global infrastructure. For example, when you use Math.random() in Cloudflare Workers, part of that randomness comes from LavaRand. Similarly, querying our drand API taps into LavaRand as well. Cloudflare offers this API to enable anyone to generate random numbers and even seed their own systems.
Photo of the view from our Lisbon office, featuring ceiling lights arranged in a wave-like pattern.
Entropy also inspired the design ethos of our new Lisbon office, given that the wall of waves and the office are part of the same project. As soon as you enter, you're greeted not only by the motion of the entropy wall but also by the constant movement of planet Earth on our Cloudflare Radar Display screen that stands next to it. But the waves don’t stop there — more elements throughout the space mimic the dynamic flow of the Internet itself. Unlike ocean tides, however, Internet traffic ebbs and flows with the motion of the Sun, not the Moon.
As you walk through the office, waves are everywhere — in the ceiling lights, the architectural contours, and even the floor plan, thoughtfully designed by our architect to reflect the fluid movement of water. The visual elements create a cohesive experience, reinforcing a sense of motion. Each meeting room embraces this maritime theme, named after famous Portuguese beaches — including, naturally, Nazaré.
We partnered with an incredible group of local Portuguese vendors for this construction project, where all the leads were women — something incredibly rare for the industry. The local teams worked with passion, proudly wore Cloudflare t-shirts, and fostered a warm, family-like atmosphere. They openly expressed pride in the project, sharing how it stood out from anything they had worked on before.
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Our amazing third-party team and internal Places team, proudly rocking Cloudflare shirts after bringing this project to life.
Next, we have several name options for this new wall of entropy. Help us decide the best one, and register your vote using this form.
The Surf Board
Chaos Reef
Waves of Entropy
Wall of Waves
Whirling Wave Wall
Chaotic Wave Wall
Waves of Chaos
If you’re interested in working in Cloudflare’s Lisbon office, we’re hiring! Our career page lists our open roles in Lisbon, as well as our other locations in the U.S., Mexico, Europe and Asia.
Acknowledgements: This project was only possible with the effort, vision and help of John Graham-Cumming, Caroline Quick, Jen Preston, Laura Atwall, Carolina Beja, Hughes Wave Motion Machines, P4 Planning and Project Management, Gensler Europe, Openbook Architecture, and Vector Mais.
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I am thrilled to embark on this journey to run Product and Engineering at Cloudflare, driving forward the mission of helping build a better Internet.
While I was a graduate student at University of Illinois, the university introduced the Mosaic web browser to students. In addition to being super easy to install and use, it displayed pictures next to text for the first time. This may not seem impressive today, but back then it felt like a magical step forward.
This simple but powerful upgrade opened up the once niche user base from academics to the masses, transforming the world wide web to become an Internet phenomenon. Since then, I’ve always sought to be part of teams that worked on transformational technologies, including Software-as-a-Service, cloud computing, and AI. Innovation is the life blood of every technology company. To this day, I’m inspired by building products and technology that get adopted at mass scale.
The world is in a very interesting moment for technological innovation: the AI landscape is uncharted and developing at an exponential rate; the urgency for enterprises to reduce tech debt and reliance on legacy applications is at an all time high; multi-cloud deployments are becoming a reality for optimal performance and global scale; and high performance connectivity is table stakes. Cloudflare finds itself in a compelling position at the intersection of these key themes. We are uniquely poised to drive disruption and empower customers to do the same as they transform their businesses, and I’m excited to use my experience to help move our mission forward.
In order to reach massive scale, platforms need to be extensible (i.e., they need to be able to grow easily). The best way to do this is by knowing your customers’ biggest pain points and improving the core experience while creating adjacent products that solve their most challenging problems. Combined with being obsessed with your customers getting value and having a deep understanding of how the technology landscape is evolving around you, it becomes a powerful growth strategy.
This was the approach that I took during my time at ServiceNow, and one of the reasons why we were able to build the product business from $1.5 billion to $10+ billion in annualized revenue.
Cloudflare’s connectivity cloud — an innovative cloud native platform of security, network connectivity, and developer solutions — provides a unique foundation for driving value, no matter the industry. I’m excited to help Cloudflare further grow and refine our product offerings, while ensuring they are purpose-built and scalable to meet the needs of our growing customer base. Together, we can create solutions that empower any organization to enhance its global online presence while maintaining security and performance at the forefront.
It was very clear as I met many amazing people at Cloudflare, including co-founders Matthew Prince and Michelle Zatlyn, that the team takes pride in solving deep technical Internet infrastructure problems while putting customers first. In addition to working with world-class product and engineering teams, I am looking forward to collaborating with the wider business, our partners, and our customers to realize the potential of Cloudflare's people, platform, and organic growth. I’m looking forward to helping build a better Internet with Cloudflare!
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어떤 장치로든 1.1.1.1에 방문해 인터넷을 더 빠르고 안전하게 만들어 주는 Cloudflare의 무료 애플리케이션을 사용해 보세요.
더 나은 인터넷을 만들기 위한 Cloudflare의 사명을 자세히 알아보려면 여기에서 시작하세요. 새로운 커리어 경로를 찾고 있다면 채용 공고를 확인해 보세요."]}" client="load" opts="{"name":"Post","value":true}" await-children="">
저는 오늘 Cloudflare에서 13년 이상 근무한 후 Cloudflare 이사회에 합류하면서 정규직 CTO 직에서 물러납니다.
2012년에 제 개인 사이트에 프로그래머라는 제목으로 짧은 게시물을 올렸습니다. 이 게시물에는 제가 최근 Cloudflare라는 회사(여전히 대문자 'F'를 사용하고 있음)에 프로그래머라는 직책으로 입사했다는 소식이 나와 있습니다. 제가 그 제목을 선택했던 이유는 부분적으로 그 직책이 제가 가져볼 첫 번째 직책이었기 때문이었고, 또 제가 Cloudflare에서 하게 될 일을 반영하기 때문이었습니다.
저는 스타트업에서 기술직, 그 다음에는 관리직으로 많은 시간을 보냈고, 제가 가장 좋아하는 기술적인 직책으로 돌아가고 싶었습니다. Cloudflare에서 그러한 기회가 주어졌고, 저는 오늘날 전 세계 수많은 사람들이 이용하는 Cloudflare를 구성하는 많은 시스템에서 일했습니다.
Universal SSL 출시 준비를 마쳤던 그날 밤이 기억에 남습니다. Cloudflare에서는 업계 최초로 Universal SSL을 무료로 제공하기 시작했고, 하룻밤 사이에 암호화된 웹의 크기가 사실상 두 배로 늘어났으며, 이는 2014년에 큰 이슈가 되었습니다. Cloudflare의 세 번째 공동 창립자 Lee Holloway가 허리를 숙여 노트북에서 코드를 완성하던 모습이 기억납니다. 우리 팀은 주말 내내 이 작업을 수행했으며, 그 주 일요일 밤 늦게 Lee는 "완료되었습니다"라고 선언했습니다.
역경 대처하기
매우 성공적이거나 모든 것이 정말 잘 진행되었던 순간을 골라내기는 쉽습니다. 2017년 Cloudbleed는 특별한 순간이 아닌 것처럼 보일 수 있지만, Cloudbleed는 Cloudflare가 어떤 회사인지 보여주는 데 도움이 되었습니다. 이를 통해 팀이 극심한 스트레스 속에서도 어떻게 단합할 수 있는지, 그리고 기업에서 보안 문제를 공개하고 논의하는 방법에 대한 표준을 어떻게 정할 수 있는지 보여주었습니다. 저는 개인적으로 Google Meet 통화를 24시간 동안 계속할 수 있으며 2시간 단위로 수면을 취할 수 있다는 것을 발견했습니다.
국제적이고 의도적인 근무 경험
영국 태생인 저는 미국 이외의 지역에서 근무하는 최초의 팀원이 되었습니다. 저는 미국 이외의 지역에서 가장 큰 규모의 사무실을 설립하는 것을 도와야 했습니다. 먼저 Cloudflare의 런던 사무실을 설립했고, 이어서 Cloudflare의 리스본 사무실을 준비했습니다. 이 두 사무소는 오늘날 당사의 큰 부분을 차지하고 있으며, 리스본은 유럽 본사입니다.
코로나19로 사무실 근무가 중단되었을 때, 저는 팀의 대응에 깜짝 놀랐습니다. 팬데믹으로 인해 우리 모두 각기 다른 어려움을 겪었지만, 우리는 계속해서 함께 노력하여 모두가 집에 틀어박혀 사용하던 인터넷이 안정적이고 안전하게 작동하도록 보장했습니다.
정말 영향력 있는 기술
마음에 드는 제품을 선택하는 것은 누군가에게 가장 좋아하는 자녀를 선택하라고 묻는 것과 비슷하지만, 저는 Cloudflare의 WAF, DNS, DDoS 솔루션이 마음에 듭니다. 이들 시스템에서 제가 직접 일했기 때문입니다. 그리고 저는 여전히 WAF 팀에 사과해야 한다고 생각합니다. 그 팀에서는 제 코드를 넘겨받고 이름을 밝힐 수 없는 Perl 스크립트 하나를 처리해야 했습니다!
제품 외에도 훨씬 더 깊은 의미를 지닌 게 있습니다. 더 나은 인터넷 구축을 지원하는 Cloudflare의 사명입니다. 저는 Cloudflare에서 최신 표준 및 프로토콜에 대한 작업을 통해 인터넷 자체를 지원하고 발전시켜 온 방식에 큰 자부심을 느낍니다. 또한 Galileo 프로젝트, The Athenian 프로젝트, Cloudflare for Campaigns를 통해 우리가 수행해 온 역할이 더욱 자랑스럽습니다.
사람들
Cloudflare에서는 매주 회사 전체 회의를 열고 기대치 이상의 성과를 달성한 팀원을 인정하는 기회인 '감사 표시'로 마무리합니다. 호기심과 공감은 Cloudflare의 두 가지 핵심 가치이며, 저는 매주 영업을 지원하거나, 버그를 수정하거나, 사고에 대응하거나, Cloudflare 구축을 지원한 데 대해 감사를 표하는 팀원들을 Cloudflare에서 얼마나 자주 인정하는지 깜짝 놀라게 됩니다. 이러한 팀워크는 Cloudflare를 일하기 좋은 직장으로 만드는 요소 중 하나입니다.
매일 Cloudflare에 근무하지 않으면 그리워질 것 중 하나는 개별 팀원의 놀라운 강점입니다. 저는 13년 동안 계속 그들에게서 배우고 있습니다!
다음 단계
처음 입사했을 때 팀의 규모는 훨씬 작았습니다! 직원이 25명이었던 회사가 지금은 직원 4,200여 명과 전 세계 15개 지역에 지사를 둔 회사로 성장했습니다. 회사가 성장함에 따라 저는 다양한 역할을 맡았습니다. 한동안 저는 엔지니어링, 운영, 보안, 심지어 IT까지 총괄했습니다. 그리고 물론 여러 해 동안 Cloudflare 블로그에 글을 쓰고 편집했습니다. 시간이 지남에 따라 우리는 이러한 팀을 운영할 훌륭한 리더를 많이 영입했습니다.
하지만 계속 유지된 역할은 CTO였습니다. 그리고 오늘, 제가 프로그래머라는 직함(및 그에 따른 프로그래밍)을 포기한 것처럼, 저는 이사회의 일원으로서 Cloudflare의 성장과 성공을 돕는 새로운 방법을 위해 CTO라는 직함(및 그 역할의 책임)을 포기한다는 것을 발표합니다.
작년에 Matthew에게 퇴직할 계획이라고 말했을 때만 해도 회사 이사직을 제안받을 것이라고는 생각하지 못했습니다. 회사 직원(비록 창립 초기부터 회사에 근무했지만)의 입장에서 이사회에 합류하는 것은 정말 놀랍고도 드문 영광입니다. 조금 다른 위치에서 Cloudflare의 성장과 성공을 계속 지원할 수 있게 되어 정말 기쁩니다.
동시에 지금까지 신기술 및 인큐베이션 SVP를 역임해온 Dane Knecht가 당사의 CTO가 되었습니다. 저보다 몇 달 후에 입사한 Dane은 CTO 역할을 맡을 만한 특별한 직책을 역임했고 경험을 갖추고 있습니다. 우리는 지난 13년 동안 동료로서 긴밀하게 협력해 왔기 때문에 많은 회의에서 우리의 역할을 분간하기가 쉽지 않았을 것입니다. Dane이 Cloudflare의 발전에 큰 도움이 될 거라고 저는 확신하는데, Dane이 Cloudflare라고 쓰여 있지 않은 티셔츠를 입은 걸 본 적이 없습니다. 그는 Cloudflare의 거의 모든 주요 이정표에 참여했습니다 . 그는 회사의 성공에 깊은 관심을 가지고 있으며 훌륭한 CTO가 될 것입니다.
제 계획은 퇴직해서 다른 회사에서 근무하거나 새로운 회사를 설립하는 것이 아닙니다. 저는 Cloudflare에서 이사로 재직하며 계속 긴밀히 관여하고자 합니다. Cloudflare의 놀라운 성장과 성공에 함께할 수 있어 정말 영광이며 감사하게 생각합니다. 회사의 지속적인 성장을 지원할 수 있기를 기대하고 있습니다.
특히 지원하고 싶은 분야 중 하나는 AI에 대한 회사의 제품군 전반에 걸친 작업입니다. 2002년 시절(23년 전이네요! 하하!). 저는 아주 인기 있는 오픈 소스 머신 러닝(당시에는 AI라고 부르지 않았음) 이메일 필터링 프로그램을 작성했고, 2004년에는 한 AI 시스템이 다른 AI 시스템을 공격하는 데 사용될 때 발생하는 일을 처리하는 방법에 대해 작업했습니다. Cloudflare에서는 학습 기법을 사용하여 보안을 강화하고 봇을 차단하며 시스템이 어떻게 작동하고 성장할지 예측합니다. 해야 할 일이 많습니다.
공동 창업자 Michelle이 즐겨 하는 말처럼, Cloudflare는 이제 시작하고 있을 뿐입니다. 저도 마찬가지입니다.
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